It is helpful to recall Dr. Costerton’s diagramatic pics of mature biofilms to develop a conceptual understanding of what you are observing. In looking at “the good root” in our fracture case (the root that wasn’t fractured), one wouldn’t expect a mature biofilm…but that is exactly what we see….everywhere. Shedding of planktonic cells from the biofilm. See if the diagram helps in understanding what you see here.




A Biofilm forms when microorganisms attach to a surface and begin producing a protective matrix of sugars, proteins, and Space Waves DNA.
I found your insights on biofilms fascinating! Observing their complexity reminds me of how interconnected our ecosystems are, much like the way we interact with each other online. It really highlights the importance of patience in research and understanding geometry dash game nature’s subtle designs.